UVM Based Verification Environment for USB 3.0 Physical layer and LTSSM of Link layer

USB 3.0 is the protocol used for connecting computers to electronic devices, which supports data transfer rate of 5 Gbit/s. The physical layer of USB 3.0 performs 8b/10b encoding-decoding, serialization-deserialization and scrambling-descrambling. Link Transition and Status State Machine(LTSSM) is used for managing its end of the physical connection between Transmitter and Receiver. Verification environment is a configurable structure built, which can be interfaced with the design and test sequences can be applied to the design through it. SystemVerilog(SV) with Universal Verification Methodology(UVM) is used widely for verification. Both Physical layer and LTSSM are verified using Verification Environment developed for them using SV-UVM. DOI: 10.17762/ijritcc2321-8169.15056

Comparative study of tension band wiring and pre contoured locking compression plate fixation in olecranon fractures in adults

Background: Olecranon fractures are about 10% of all proximal forearm fractures.Mostly intra articular fractures, require anatomical reduction and internal fixation for satisfactory clinical outcomes. The most commonly used techniques are still tension band wiring (TBW) and plate fixation (PF). The aim of the current study is to discuss whether TBW or PF technique of internal fixation is better in the treatment of olecranon fractures.Methods: This is a comparative study including 30 adult patients of olecranon fracture classified by Mayo classification and operated upon by tension band plating (group A) and tension band wiring (group B) at Department of Orthopaedics, Sri Aurobindo Medical College and PG Institute, Indore. All operated cases between the period of January 2018 to August 2019 with follow up of 1 year were assessed on the basis of functional outcome using Mayo elbow performance score (MEPS).Results: The MEPS, 73% of the patients in group A achieved a good to excellent results in comparison to 60% in group B. no significant differences between the two groups could be detected regarding the clinical and radiographic outcome.Conclusions: Both TBW and PF interventions had treatment benefit in OFs. The current study reveals that there are no significant differences in MEPS, improvement rate and ROM between TBW and PF for OFs. More high-quality studies are required to further confirm our results as most of the cases included in study belonged to Mayo type IIA category

A follow up study of discharged COVID-19 patients admitted at tertiary care hospital of Ahmedabad city

Introduction: Though there is limited information on late sequelae of COVID-19, reports of persistent symptoms in persons who recovered from COVID-19 illness have emerged. The most frequently reported symptoms include fatigue, shortness of breath, cough. Objectives: 1.To identify the persistence or development of various symptoms among discharged COVID-19 patients 2.To study the outcome of COVID-19 infection after one month of discharge 3.To assess the difference in the quality of life pre and post COVID-19 status of study participants by using EuroQol Visual Analogue scale. Material & Methods: A Longitudinal study was carried out among all discharged confirmed COVID-19 patients aged more than 18 years and above in 1st December 2020 to 31st December 2020. 50% of patients discharged in December 2020 were selected by simple random sampling method. Status of present symptoms at the time of discharge and after one month of discharge were taken through telephonic interview. Results: COVID-19patients had persistent symptoms like fatigue, cough, & anosmia respectively at the time of discharge. 7 (4.6%) patients found dead at the time follow up after one month. According to EQ-VAS, 79 (52.3%) COVID-19 patients perceived improved quality of life at the time of follow up one month after discharge as compare to the time of discharge. Conclusion: There is significant improvement in quality of life seen among the patients at the time of follow up than at the time of discharge. At the time of follow up, 4.6% deaths observed and some patients had persistent symptoms like fatigue, dyspnea

Isolation of bioluminescent bacteria from marine organisms

471-476Bioluminescence is an emission of cold light by enzyme driven reaction within certain living organisms. The most abundant and widely distributed light emitting organisms are luminescent bacteria. Such organisms are either found as free-living in the ocean or in symbiotic relationship with the marine host. To employ bioluminescence in environmental monitoring, isolation of bioluminescent bacteria from the two different marine samples (sea water sample and various organs of squid and fish) were collected from different sites of Veraval seashore and fish markets located nearby seashore respectively. The marine organisms used in the study were 20-25 days old. Cultivation media that were used for isolation were sea water agar (SWA), luminous agar (LA) and nutrient agar (NA); out of which SWA proved to be the most suitable medium for their growth and luminescence. No bioluminescent bacterium was found in water samples and total five bioluminescent bacteria were isolated from five different organs of fish and squid each. Out of these five isolates, two were selected based on their maximum light intensity. These two isolates, PBS1 and PBF1, were further characterized biochemically. PBS1 was able to utilize glucose, galactose, maltose and were tested positive for catalase and oxidase tests. Similar results were obtained in case of PBF1 except it was tested positive for urease urea but was unable to utilize glucose. Both isolates thrived at neutral pH and showed maximum bioluminescence. Effect of NaCl concentration on luminescence revealed that the two isolates were not able to grow in media devoid of NaCl and the luminescence was found to be maximum at 3 % (w/v) NaCl supplementation

Fashion trends in dentistry

Younger generations follow their self made rules for looking fashionable and it applies to dentistry as well. As a dentist, we might come across to people who demand something more from us than treating only diseases e.g. piercings, mutilations, tattoos, jewellery. So being a dentist of 21st century, we should have knowledge of these newer advances in addition to regular therapeutic procedures

Characterizing Spectral Channels of Visible Emission Line Coronagraph of Aditya-L1

Aditya-L1 is India’s first solar mission with the Visible Emission Line Coronagraph (VELC), which consists of three spectral channels taking high-resolution spectroscopic observations of the inner corona up to 1.5 Rʘ at 5,303, 7,892, and 10,747 Å. In this work, we present a strategy for the slit width optimization of the VELC using synthetic line profiles by taking into account the instrument characteristics and coronal conditions for log(T) varying from 6 to 6.5. The synthetic profiles are convolved with simulated instrumental scattered light and noise to estimate the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), which will be crucial to designing the future observation plans. We find that the optimum slit width for VELC turns out to be 50 μm, providing sufficient SNR for observations in different solar conditions. We also analyzed the effect of plasma temperature on the SNR at different heights in the VELC field of view for the optimized slit width. We also studied the expected effect of the presence of a CME on the spectral channel observations. This analysis will help to plan the scientific observations of VELC in different solar conditions

A Hospital based cross sectional study to find out factors associated with disease severity and length of hospital stay in COVID-19 patients in Tertiary Care Hospital of Ahmedabad city

Background: Tertiary hospital care may vary from isolation bed ward care to high dependency units (HDUs) with oxygen support to intensive care unit (ICU) where patients may be intubated for mechanical ventilation The major risk factors for severe disease are age more than 60 years and underlying diseases like diabetes, hypertension. COVID-19 patients present at varying levels of severity. Understanding how long patients hospitalized with COVID-19 remain in hospital is critical for planning. Objectives: 1. To determine risk factors associated with disease severity 2. To determine risk factors associated with length of hospital stay in COVID-19 patients 3. To study the disease outcome Material & Methods: This was retrospective record-based study of inpatients with COVID-19 at Tertiary Care Hospital of Ahmedabad City. All patients admitted at tertiary care hospital diagnosed with COVID-19 between April 2020 to June, 2020, were included in present study. Inclusion criteria were all COVID-19 patients admitted at tertiary care hospital during the duration of April 2020 to June 2020. Results: A total of 916 COVID-19 patients were included in the study. Out of 916 total admitted patients 526 (57.4%) were male. 174 (19%) patients having one or more comorbidities like diabetes, hypertension, tuberculosis, heart diseases etc. Total 769 discharged (83.9%), 115 deaths (12.6%) and 32 transferred to other COVID-19 hospital (3.5%) out of total 916 patients admitted during study period. Conclusion: Severity of disease and deaths were associated with age and comorbidities. COVID-19 patients with comorbidities have more deteriorating outcomes compared with patients without

Waterpipe Use and Its Cardiovascular Effects: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Case-Control, Cross-Sectional, and Non-Randomized Studies

Approximately 100 million people globally smoke cigarettes, making it a significant and quickly spreading global tobacco epidemic. Substance use disorders are frequently evaluated by non-randomized studies. Tobacco use and its impacts on the cardiovascular system were the subjects of a comprehensive search across five electronic databases: Cochrane, MEDLINE, Scopus, Embase, and PubMed. The findings demonstrated that waterpipe smokers in comparison to non-smokers have immediate elevations in heart rate and blood pressure, lower levels of high-density lipoprotein, higher levels of low-density lipoprotein, higher levels of triglycerides, higher levels of fasting blood glucose, and a higher heart rate. Users of waterpipes and cigarettes had similar average heart rates, blood pressure, and lipid levels, with the exception that waterpipe smokers had greater total cholesterol. Smoking a waterpipe has significant negative effects on the cardiovascular system comparable to cigarette smoking, and non-randomized studies proved to yield substantial evidence related to its cardiovascular effects. Such study designs can be used to evaluate substance use and its cardiovascular impact